Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Low Density/Specific Gravity. One property of aluminum that everyone is familiar with is its light weight or, technically, its low density or specific gravity. The specific gravity of aluminum is only 2.7 times that of water and roughly one-third that of steel and copper. An easy number to remember is that 1 cubic inch (in.3) of aluminum weighs 0.1 lb; 1 cubic foot (ft3) weighs 170 lb compared to 62 lb for water and 490 lb for steel.

High Strength–Weight Ratio. The combination of relatively high strength with low density means a high strength efficiency for aluminum alloys and many opportunities for replacement of heavier metals with no loss (and perhaps a gain) in load-carrying capacity. This characteristic, combined with the excellent corrosion resistance and recyclability, has led to aluminum’s broad use in containers, aircraft, and automotive applications. 

Excellent Corrosion Resistance. As a result of a naturally occurring tenacious surface oxide film, many aluminum alloys provide exceptionally resistance to corrosion in many atmosphere and chemical environments. Alloys of the 1xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, and 6xxx systems are especially favorable in this respect and are even used in applications where they are in direct contact with seawater and antiskid salts. With some electrocoating enhancements (e.g., anodizing), the oxide coating can be thickened for even greater protection. Aluminum and a number of its alloys possess excellent resistance to corrosive attack by many foods and

chemicals as well as natural environments.

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High Thermal Conductivity. Aluminum and its alloys are good conductors of heat, and, while they melt at lower temperatures than steels, about 1000 F (about 535 C), they are slower to reach very high temperatures than steel in fire exposure.

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J. G. Kaufman

Kaufman Associates

Columbus, Ohio

Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook: Materials and Mechanical Design, Volume 1, Third Edition.

Edited by Myer Kutz

Copyright  2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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